However, it's unknown how this would affect marine food webs that depend on phytoplankton, or whether this would just cause the deep sea to become more acidic itself. It is premature to conclude that acidification is responsible for the recent oyster failures, but acidification is a potential factor in the current crisis to this $100 million a year industry, prompting new collaborations and accelerated research on ocean acidification and potential biological impacts. We can't know this for sure, but during the last great acidification event 55 million years ago, there were mass extinctions in some species including deep sea invertebrates. With the pace of ocean acidification accelerating, scientists, resource managers, and policymakers recognize the urgent need to strengthen the science as a basis for sound decision making and action. In humans, for example, normal blood pH ranges between 7.35 and 7.45. Buffering will take thousands of years, which is way too long a period of time for the ocean organisms affected now and in the near future. already dissolving in the more acidic seawater, the term "ocean acidification" was first coined, return to normal skeleton-building activities, build their shell-like parts from high-magnesium calcite, will be extinct by the end of the century, even faster than during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, compared the ability of 79 species of bottom-dwelling invertebrates, effects of carbon dioxide seeps on a coral reef, Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID), waiting to see how the organisms will react, releasing particles into the high atmosphere, Adding iron or other fertilizers to the ocean, Covering Ocean Acidification: Chemistry and Considerations, An Introduction to the Chemistry of Ocean Acidification, Frequently Asked Questions about Ocean Acidification, Ocean Acidification at Point Reyes National Seashore, Bad acid trip: A beach bum’s guide to ocean acidification (Grist), What Does Ocean Acidification Mean for Sea Life? Because scientists only noticed what a big problem it is fairly recently, a lot of people still don't know it is happening. 6. Clownfish also stray farther from home and have trouble "smelling" their way back. In humans, for instance, a drop in blood pH of 0.2-0.3 can cause seizures, comas, and even death. Others can handle a wider pH range. Many chemical reactions, including those that are essential for life, are sensitive to small changes in pH. Typically, the lower the pH, the more damage is done to the teeth. And the late-stage larvae of black-finned clownfish lose their ability to smell the difference between predators and non-predators, even becoming attracted to predators. The most realistic way to lower this number—or to keep it from getting astronomically higher—would be to reduce our carbon emissions by burning less fossil fuels and finding more carbon sinks, such as regrowing mangroves, seagrass beds, and marshes, known as blue carbon. Low pH may be a factor in the current oyster reproductive failure; however, more research is needed to disentangle potential acidification effects from other risk factors, such as episodic freshwater inflow, pathogen increases, or low dissolved oxygen. The bright, brilliant swirls of blue and green seen from space are a phytoplankton bloom in the Barents Sea. Scientists from five European countries built ten mesocosms—essentially giant test tubes 60-feet deep that hold almost 15,000 gallons of water—and placed them in the Swedish Gullmar Fjord. They’re not just looking for shell-building ability; researchers also study their behavior, energy use, immune response and reproductive success. Meanwhile, oyster larvae fail to even begin growing their shells. These chemical reactions are termed "ocean acidification" or "OA" for short.

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